Role of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Yield Improvement under Climate Change

Abstract

All the productivity of plants is based on photosynthesis and it is the primary topic of food supply all over the world. Light energy is converted into chemical energy, and this is the source of carbohydrates that keep us alive on Earth. Nevertheless, the photosynthetic efficacy of the majority of crops are extremely low-in most cases it is only 1-2 percent of the incident solar energy that is changed to biomass. With the increasing intensity of the climate change, crops are vulnerable to drought, high temperature, and varying CO2 concentration, which adversely impact the photosynthetic activities. Enhancing photosynthetic efficiency has thus been one of the most potential ways of enhancing crop production and attaining sustainable agriculture. In this paper, the importance of photosynthetic efficiency in enhancing crop productivity in changing climatic conditions is discussed critically. It examines physiological, genetic and biotechnological approaches to improve photosynthesis including: optimizing the performance of the enzyme Rubisco, regulation of photo respiration and light use efficiency. Experimental data and modeling outcomes are also examined in the study to determine the ability of stress to be represented by increased photosynthetic capacity as a way to achieve stability of yield. These results highlight that the improvement of the photosynthetic efficiency is not only the biological enhancement, but the strategic need of the food security in the 21st century.