Correction & Retraction Policy

International Review of Sustainable Economics and Finance

Correction Policy

1. Purpose of Corrections

IRSEF is committed to preserving the credibility, clarity, and accuracy of published research. Corrections ensure the scholarly record remains trustworthy, particularly in economics, finance, and sustainable development, where research findings can inform policy, business decisions, and public understanding.

2. Types of Corrections

Erratum (Publisher-Initiated):
Issued when mistakes occur during production (e.g., formatting, figures, metadata errors) that do not alter the study’s conclusions.

Corrigendum (Author-Initiated):
Issued when authors identify substantive errors post-publication (e.g., data misinterpretation, factual mistakes) that impact understanding but do not invalidate the study.

3. Correction Procedure

Error Detection:
Errors may be identified by authors, editors, reviewers, or readers.

Editorial Review:
The editorial team evaluates the significance and determines the appropriate correction type.

Implementation:
A formal correction notice is published and linked to the original article. The main text remains unchanged unless critical errors demand amendment.

4. Visibility & Indexing

Corrections are:

  • Clearly labeled and linked to the affected article

  • Indexed in scholarly databases for traceability

  • Fully open access and permanently available

Retraction Policy

1. Purpose of Retractions

Retractions are issued to withdraw published articles when their validity is fundamentally compromised. This protects the academic community from relying on incorrect or unethical research in economics, finance, and sustainability.

2. Grounds for Retraction

Research Misconduct:
Proven plagiarism, falsification, data manipulation, or unethical authorship practices.

Ethical Violations:
Lack of approval for research involving human participants or animals, or undisclosed conflicts of interest.

Critical Flaws:
Methodological errors or misinterpretation that render conclusions unreliable.

3. Retraction Process

Investigation:
IRSEF initiates an internal review. Authors and, if necessary, institutional representatives may be contacted.

Editorial Decision:
Based on COPE guidelines, a retraction is issued if misconduct or major errors are confirmed.

Retraction Notice:
A public notice is published, stating the reason and responsibility. The original article is clearly marked as RETRACTED and remains accessible for academic transparency.

4. Transparency & Indexing

All retracted articles and notices are:

  • Freely available

  • Clearly marked in all formats

  • Indexed in bibliographic and citation databases (e.g., DOAJ, Crossref)

⚖️ Ethical Governance

IRSEF follows COPE guidelines and adheres to academic publishing standards recommended by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan.

Contact for Corrections or Retractions

Readers and authors are encouraged to report issues promptly. IRSEF is committed to maintaining a transparent, ethical, and responsible scholarly publishing environment.