To Study the Association of Apgar Score of Neonates Delivered By Cesarean Sections

Abstract

Objective: The Apgar score is a critical tool in neonatal care, providing a rapid and effective assessment of a newborn's health and vitality. This study aimed to investigate the association between Cesarean section (CS) delivery and neonatal Apgar scores, evaluating how various maternal and delivery-related factors influence immediate neonatal outcomes. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted utilizing a non-probability convenience sampling technique. The research was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi. The study cohort comprised 200 mothers who underwent Cesarean section delivery during the designated study period. Results: The majority of neonates exhibited favorable Apgar scores, with 56% scoring between 7 and 8, while only 5% recorded critically low scores (≤3). Mothers in the 24–29 years age group had the highest proportion of neonates with normal Apgar scores. Furthermore, maternal adherence to recommended prenatal supplementation was associated with improved neonatal outcomes. Interestingly, no statistically significant difference in Apgar scores was observed between planned (elective) and emergency Cesarean sections. Conversely, neonates born to nulliparous mothers tended to have lower Apgar scores compared to those born to multiparous mothers. Conclusion: In conclusion, while the majority of neonates delivered via Cesarean section achieved normal Apgar scores (7–8), the findings challenge the assumption that maternal comorbidities such as gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and pre-eclampsia inevitably result in poor neonatal outcomes, likely reflecting the benefits of effective clinical management. The study highlights the vital importance of maternal age, parity, and prenatal nutrition in optimizing immediate neonatal health following surgical delivery.