Interpersonal and Social Factors Affecting Nurse Patient Communication and Shared Decision-Making

Abstract

Background: Effective communication between nurses and patients is essential for building trust, understanding patient needs, and promoting active participation in healthcare decisions. However, interpersonal and social factors may create barriers to effective communication and shared decision-making. Objective: To explore the interpersonal and social factors affecting nurse–patient communication and shared decision-making among patients and nurses. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory qualitative design was used. An open-ended, self-structured questionnaire was administered to ten purposively sampled participants (nurses and patients) at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, over a four-month period. Data were analysed thematically, with responses coded and grouped into recurring themes. Results: Communication barriers (30%), patient misunderstandings (25%), and inadequate communication training (20%) were the main concerns. Time constraints and stress/burnout (25% each) also affected communication, while active listening and empathy (25%) were key to patients feeling heard. Conclusion: Interpersonal and social barriers can limit effective communication and shared decision-making. Clear communication, active listening, empathy, and improved nurse training may enhance patient participation in care decisions.