The Price of a Dream: Migration, Trafficking Vulnerability and Local Brokerage Networks in Gujrat, Pakistan

Abstract

Research explored the nexus between irregular migration and human trafficking in Gujrat District, Pakistan, and how families follow the socio-economic aspiration and cultural traditions, as well as chase social prestige, which leads to high-risk migration. Irregular migration from Pakistan is often understood primarily as a response to economic hardship, yet the social aspirations and household strategies underlying migration decisions may also shape migrants’ vulnerability to exploitation. The study examines the relationship between migration aspirations, irregular migration, and vulnerability to exploitation in Gujrat District, Pakistan. The findings from the study on overseas migration in Gujrat suggest that the decision to migrate is influenced not only by economic factors but also by social aspects, including family expectations and aspirations for improved living conditions. Households often make significant financial investments through loans, land sales, and mortgages to facilitate this migration. The reliance on local intermediaries and irregular routes raises the risk of deception and exploitation for migrants. Additionally, unsuccessful or exploitative migrations can lead to serious repercussions such as debt, financial loss, psychological distress, stigma and family disruption. Institutional shortcomings and a lack of safe, affordable migration options exacerbate these vulnerabilities. The study offers insights into the complex interactions between migration aspirations, financial investments, broker reliance, and limited institutional support, emphasizing the need for accessible legal migration pathways, stricter regulation of intermediaries, community awareness initiatives, financial protection strategies, and robust institutional support for victims.