Climate Change and Educational Resilience: Evidence from Secondary and Higher Education Institutions in Balochistan

Abstract

Climate change poses significant challenges to educational systems by disrupting institutional operations, infrastructure, and learning continuity, particularly in vulnerable regions. The present study explores the link between climate change challenges, institutional climate change adaptation capacity, and educational resilience in secondary and higher education institutions of Balochistan. The study adopted the quantitative cross sectional survey design with a total sample of 400 teachers and administrators using stratified random sampling technique. SPSS and SmartPLS 4 software were used for data analysis, with measurement model assessment, structural equation modeling, mediation analysis and group comparison analysis. The results showed that climate change has a negative impact on educational resilience, and that institutional adaptive capacity is a key determinant of educational resilience. Moreover, there is a partial mediation between climate challenges and educational resilience, mediated by adaptation capacity. There were significant differences found between secondary and higher education institutions. The study highlights the importance of climate-responsive planning and institutional preparedness for developing resilient education systems.