Design of Energy-Efficient Wireless Communication Networks Using IoT-Based Traffic Management

Abstract

The high rates of urbanization in the growing cities have aggravated the congestion in the roads leading to the increasing fuel consumption, air pollution, and high economic losses due to delays caused by traffic. Traditional traffic control systems based on fixed-cycle signal controllers and central command structure are found to be more and more ineffective in the dynamic non-stationary traffic patterns that are typical of new metropolises. The combination of IoT solutions and wireless communication networks is a disruptive potential of developing an adaptive data-driven traffic management system that can efficiently optimize vehicle traffic, as well as reduce the amount of energy spent by network devices. The proposed paper suggests an innovative architecture of IoT-EWN (IoT-based Energy-Efficient Wireless Network) which is a smart traffic control system installed in Peshawar, urban Pakistan. The suggested system consists of three levels of hierarchy of IoT sensor nodes, wireless relay nodes, and cloud-integrated communication gateways which gatherively detect real-time traffic density, dynamically adjust signal timing, and path sensor data along dynamically energy-saving multi-hop wireless paths. Its architecture comprises of Duty-Cycle Adaptive MAC (DCA-MAC) protocol, dynamic signal control algorithm based on fuzzy-logic and finally a greedy energy-conscious routing protocol (GEAR-T) which is specific to vehicular traffic management networks. The system is assessed based on detailed simulation tests in MATLAB R2023b and NS-3 (version 3.38), on an urban grid model of a 4 km x 4km area of central Peshawar including 24 intersections, 96 IoT sensor nodes, 24 wireless relay nodes, and 6 edge gateway nodes. The results of the simulation are contrasted with two baseline settings: a conventional fixed-infrastructure wireless network (TFN) and a general IoT deployment minus energy optimization (S-IoT). The proposed IoT-EWN provides a 47.3 percent decrease in aggregate network energy consumption compared to TFN as well as 28.6 percent decrease compared to S-IoT but at the same time provides a packet delivery ratio of 96.8 percent, end-to-end latency of 23.4 milliseconds and a network throughput of 4.87 Mbps. This is proven by these findings which prove that the proposed architecture presents significant and concurrent improvements in both energy consumption and reliability and real-time responsiveness, which makes it a technically feasible and practically deployable solution to smart traffic management in Peshawar and similar urban setting in developing countries.