Phytochemical Analysis and Assessment of Biological Potential of Allium tripterum (N.)

Abstract

This study investigated the phytochemical profile and biological activities of Allium tripterum (N.) using ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. Phytochemical screening revealed higher alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, and gums in ethanol extract. GC-MS identified six major compounds per extract. Ethanol extract contained 2-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone (5.8%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (3.5%), and methyl butanoate (0.62%); ethyl acetate contained 1-butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate (8.31%), 9-eicosene, (E)- (6.23%), and 2,4-decadienal (0.74%). Both extracts showed dose-dependent antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. typhi, P. rettgeri, and P. stuartii. Ethanol extract showed 95% ciprofloxacin-relative inhibition against S. aureus. Insecticidal, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities were also observed, with LC₅₀ values of 28.4–35.1 mL (ethanol) and 18.5–22.4 mL (ethyl acetate). Analgesic inhibition reached 64.6% and 54.1%, while intestinal motility inhibition reached 48.2% and 52.6%, respectively.