Utilization of Agricultural Wastes & By-Products in Broiler Nutrition: Potential for Sustainable Poultry Feed in Gilgit Baltistan

Abstract

The present situation in feeding of poultry industry is more economical than feeding to other livestock. Using unconventional low cost feed ingredients available locally to formulate the least cost feed formulation.  Poultry meat is a source of valuable protein and essential amino acids and has a relatively little while quality fat and it is used in a large volume for producing a quality desired meat products in the market. Oil cakes have been in use for feed application to poultry fish and swine industry. Being rich in protein some of these have also been considered ideal for supplementation. With increasing emphasis on cost reduction of industrial processes and value addition to agro industrial residues oil cakes could be ideal source for proteinaceous nutrients and as support matrix for various biotechnological processes. Several oil cakes in particular edible oil cakes offer potential benefits when utilized as substrate for bioprocesses. These have been utilizing for fermentative production of enzymes, antibiotics, mushrooms, etc. Biotechnological applications of oil cake also include their usages for vitamins and antioxidants production. Various applications of oil cakes in fermentation and biotechnological processes, their value addition by implementation in feed and energy sources.