Effect of n-Pentanol Addition on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine

Abstract

The growing environmental concerns and depletion of fossil fuel reserves have increased the demand for renewable alternative fuels. Biodiesel is considered a promising substitute for diesel fuel due to its renewable nature and lower exhaust emissions. This research investigates the emission characteristics, engine performance, and multi-elemental analysis of a Compression Ignition (C.I.) engine fueled with biodiesel blends. Parameters such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂),and particulate matter (PM) are analyzed under different engine load conditions. The study also evaluates brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and lubricating oil degradation. Multi-elemental analysis is conducted to identify wear metals and contaminants present in lubricating oil using spectroscopic techniques. The experimental results are compared with conventional diesel fuel operation to determine the effectiveness of biodiesel blends in reducing emissions while maintaining engine performance.