Development and Release of Anmol Til: A High-Yielding, Disease-Resistant Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivar Characterized by Single-Stem Growth Pattern and Multi-Locular Pods

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a vital export-oriented oilseed crop for Pakistan, yet its productivity is often limited by biotic, abiotic stresses, and a lack of high-yielding, climate-resilient cultivars. This study details the development and multi-year evaluation of "Anmol Til," a new sesame variety developed at the Oilseeds Research Institute, Faisalabad. Developed through the hybridization of TH-6 × 92001 and advanced via the pedigree selection method from 2010 to 2016, the variety was rigorously tested in station, multi-location, and National Uniform Yield Trials (NUYT) from 2017 to 2021. In station yield trials (2017–2018), Anmol Til achieved a mean yield of 1,567 kg ha⁻¹, representing a 74% increase over the commercial check TH-6. Multi-location Micro Yield Trials (2019) across five locations demonstrated its wide adaptability with a 19% average yield advantage. Notably, in the 2021 NUYT, it exhibited a 91% yield increase over the check variety TS-5 and an 11% increase over TH-6. Beyond yield, Anmol Til demonstrated a resistant (R) reaction to charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) and displayed lower susceptibility to major insect pests, including whitefly, mirid bug, and pod borer, compared to existing cultivars. Quality analysis revealed superior seed attributes, with oil content ranging from 50–52% and 18% protein. The variety was also registered under the Plant Breeders’ Rights Act, 2016, with Registration No. SS/109/2024 on 30 January 2024. Characterized by a single stem growth habit and multi-locule pods, Anmol Til has been recommended for commercial cultivation in both irrigated and rainfed regions of Pakistan. This variety offers a promising solution to boost national sesame productivity, enhance export earnings, and improve oilseed sustainability.