CapitalMark Journal of Marketing & Finance
CapitalMark is a scholarly journal specializing in marketing, finance, and business research. It provides insights into financial innovations, consumer behavior, strategic marketing, and business management practices. The journal offers a platform for academics, researchers, and industry professionals to exchange ideas and share evidence-based knowledge. By focusing on both theory and practice, CapitalMark helps shape modern business strategies and economic policies. It is committed to supporting business growth, financial literacy, and sustainable economic development through high-quality research.
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Shariah Governance, Accounting Quality, and Performance of Islamic Banks
Shariah governance has become a critical tool in making sure that financial institutions, especially the Islamic banks abide by Islamic principles. Quality of the financial reporting and accounting practices has a close connection with the effectiveness of the Shariah governance structures, and subsequently they determine the firm performance and confidence of the stakeholders. The paper investigates the connection between Shariah governance, quality of accounting and the financial performance of Islamic banks. Basing the study on the agency theory, stakeholder theory, and institutional theory, the research question that the study will explore is to determine the impact of the Shariah supervisory board, internal Shariah committees, and external auditing practices on the quality of earnings and operational efficiency. Empirical studies conducted in the past suggest that strong Shariah governance triggers transparency, less earnings management, and better financial performance. The differences are however varied in various jurisdictions because of the difference in regulatory frameworks, organizational structure and accounting standards. This paper brings together the theoretical views and empirical results to point out the processes by which Shariah governance and quality of accounting interact to affect performance. The results are likely to be informative to policymakers, regulators and bank executives who would wish to improve the quality of financial reporting and performance of Islamic banking institutions by ensuring that financial performance is well grounded in the Shariah.
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Managerial Overconfidence and Corporate Risk-Taking in Pakistani Firms
The behavioral characteristics of managers have become a growing focus of corporate finance studies and especially of why managers fail to act in accordance with the classic rational decision making models. Out of these characteristics, one has stood out as a decisive element in the policies and strategy of companies, namely managerial overconfidence. This paper focuses on the connection between managerial overconfidence and risk-taking behavior in Pakistani corporations which is an emerging market with institutional limitations, lack of information and economic fluctuations. Using behavioral finance theory and the upper echelons theory, the paper states that overconfident managers are overly optimistic in their abilities and the accuracy of the information they have, which results in an increase in risk taking in corporate investment, finance and operational decisions. The research tries to test the empirical relationship between managerial overconfidence and corporate risk-taking in a developing economy setting using firm level data of Pakistani listed companies. It is hoped that the findings will add to the emerging behavioral corporate finance scholarship as it offers both the evidence of Pakistan and offers practical implications of corporate governance, regulatory oversight, and accountability within managers.
Human Capital Efficiency, Cost Management Practices, and Financial Performance of Pakistan’s Textile Firms
The cost management practices and the efficiency of human capital have now become an important factor of organizational competitiveness and financial performance especially in labour-intensive sectors like the textile industry. The textile industry in developing economies such as Pakistan is a major source of employment, export revenue and industrial development, but it is still struggling with the models of increasing productions, low productivity and unstable international market. This paper will discuss the correlation between the efficiency of human capital and cost management practices and the financial performance of the textile companies in Pakistan. Based on the human capital theory and the approaches of strategic cost management, the research paper points out the significance of how the efficient use of the skills, knowledge, and experience of the employees and the introduction of systematic cost control mechanisms can be beneficial in promoting the profitability and sustainability of firms. The synthesis of the previous empirical data and its situationalization in the context of the textile industry in Pakistan allows the study to give insights as to how it is possible to enhance the financial performance of the firm through the strategic investment in the human capital and effective control of costs. The results add value to the existing literature because it highlights the importance of integrating human capital efficiency with cost management in enhancing the performance of firms in the emerging economies.
Determinants of Capital Structure of Non-Financial Firms in Pakistan
Capital structure decisions are some of the most vital financial decisions made by the firms since they determine directly the profitability, the risk, and sustainability. This paper examines the major predictors of the capital structure of non-financial firms in the Pakistani economy which is a developing country with institutional limitations, imperfect markets and unstable macroeconomic settings. The paper will make use of significant capital structure theories, which are the trade-off theory, pecking order theory and agency cost theory to understand the impact on leverage decisions of the firm-specific factors of profitability, firm size, asset tangibility, growth opportunities, liquidity and non-debt tax shields. Based on panel information of listed non-financial companies in Pakistan, the researcher seeks to deliver empirical evidence of whether Pakistan is functioning according to the conventional theoretical expectations on capital structure behaviour or based on country-specific forces. It is hoped that the findings will provide useful information to the corporate managers, investors, and policymakers by contributing to a better understanding of financing behavior in developing economies and assisting in making more informed financial decisions.
Capital Structure, Debt Financing, and Firm Performance in the Textile Industry
Capital structure decisions are basic to the financial management of a firm and have an enormous impact on firm performance and especially in companies like textiles which are capital intensive. The textile industry is an extremely competitive and volatile industry with high working capital needs, changing input prices, and is susceptible to worldwide market fluctuations. As a result, companies operating in this sector often use debt financing to continue their operation and support their growth. This study focuses on the study of capital structure, debt financing and firm performance relationship in textile industry by synthesizing the theoretical perspectives and empirical forecast of the existing literature. Drawing from capital structure theory such as Modigliani-Miller proposition, trade-off theory, pecking order theory, agency theory, the study examines the effect of various forms of debt on profitability and operational results. Prior empirical results show mixed findings, suggesting that although moderate leverage can foster firm performance via tax benefits and financial discipline, excessive amounts of debt can negatively impact firm profitability because of higher levels of financial risk and agency costs. This study emphasizes the importance of the optimal capital structure in terms of risk and the return, especially when it comes to the textile industry in developing economies. The results are hoped to be valuable in terms of making financial managers, financial investors and financial policymakers more aware of ways to improve the performance of the companies and ensure sustainable growth of the industries.
Investor Sentiment and Asset Pricing in the United Kingdom
Investor sentiment has emerge as an essential behavioral element in asset pricing and has challenged the traditional view of completely rational buyers in monetary markets. In evolved economies, in which capital markets are deep, liquid and information-rich, including the United Kingdom, investor sentiment performs a widespread position in figuring out asset charge movements, the volatility of returns and aberrations withinside the marketplace. This studies seems on the hyperlink among investor sentiment and asset pricing withinside the UK with a focal point at the have an effect on of mental biases, marketplace temper and macroeconomic uncertainty on inventory returns and valuation dynamics. Drawing at the idea of behavioral finance, the paper investigates the channels of affect of sentiment on asset costs, mainly during periods of excessive uncertainty and monetary stress. The UK marketplace gives a awesome context due to its sturdy institutional base, the range of various buyers and susceptibility to international monetary shocks. The take a look at underscores the reality that investor sentiment has an crucial affect on short-time period asset mispricing, volatility and predictability of returns, even in a well-regulated marketplace environment. The findings spotlight the want for the incorporation of behavioral elements in asset pricing fashions to give an explanation for version in asset charges higher and to useful resource in funding decision-making.
Financial Technology Adoption and Operational Efficiency in Pakistan’s Microfinance Institutions
The speed of development of financial technology (FinTech) has changed the provision of financial services across the globe, especially for microfinance institutions (MFIs) that cater to financially excluded populations. In Pakistan MFIs play a crucial role in promoting financial inclusion, poverty alleviation, blood flow to small enterprise development; however, they are being confronted with persistent challenges as related to high operational cost, limited outreach, and efficiency constraints. This study examines the effect of FinTech adoption on operational efficiency of microfinance institutions in Pakistan. Drawing on regulated and non-regulated MFI panel data covering the years 2015-2023 and exploring the link between embracing digital financial services, mobile banking platforms, core banking systems, and data-driven credit assessment tools and their impact on cost efficiency, outreach efficiency, and overall operational performance. Using efficiency indicators such as cost: income ratio, operating expense ratio, and loan officer productivity, the study uses panel regression and efficiency analysis technique to determine empirical relationships. The results show that FinTech adoption is playing a major role in operational efficiency and that FinTech can reduce transaction costs and improve service delivery and reach to underserved populations. The study adds to the literature on FinTech and microfinance by presenting evidence from the context of a developing economy and offers some policy-relevant evidence for informing policymakers, MFI managers, and development practitioners who are interested in enhancing sustainability and inclusiveness of the microfinance sector in Pakistan.
Role of AI In Reshaping Empathy, Influence, and Organizational Culture in the Workplace
The paper focuses on the ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming empathy, influence, and organizational culture in modern working environments. It can be conceptualized as using a secondary qualitative design, featuring reflexive thematic synthesis of existing empirical and conceptual research to define AI systems as sociomaterial actors that interpose the expression of care, the exercise of authority, and the encoding of norms. The analysis concludes that AI-driven chatbots, emotion analytics, and decision systems, under the conditions of transparency, participating, and defined as an enhancement of human judgment, can reduce interactional barriers, provide timely help, enhance consistency, and procedural fairness. Nevertheless, in cases where AI is not transparent, personalized, or criminalizing, it conditions the surveillance, deepens emotional work, takes away autonomy, and discourages a spirit of togetherness instead of unity. In a variety of settings, empathy-at-scale becomes wobbly and, at best, feels as artificial and imposed as it can be. The paper presents that, human impact of AI is neither technologically predetermined but rather, depends on governance, labor voice and adherence to organizational values. It ends with a set of practical suggestions on how AI should be designed to be an accountable, rights-respecting, and culturally coherent infrastructure, which facilitates, not replaces, humane and just types of organizing.
User Trust, Privacy Concerns, and Adoption of Mobile Payment Platforms
Mobile payment platforms have changed the way people process financial transactions through making it possible to make secure, fast and convenient payments digitally. Despite the benefits imparted by technology, there are also large differences in adoption across both types of demographic and geographic segments. This research aims at investigating how trust and privacy of users and security perception can influence the users uptake of mobile payment platforms. A mixed method was used which consisted of the implementation of a quantitative survey (N = 420) and qualitative interviews (n = 20). Findings show that trust has a positive impact on the adoption intention and privacy concern has a negative impact on the willingness to adopt by users. Perceived security plays the role as a mediator between trust and intention to adopt. The findings give insights for designers, developers, financial institutions and policy makers to establish trust in the mobile payments ecosystem by improving users.
Environmental accounting practices and their impact on company performance in Pakistani manufacturing industries
Environmental accounting -- including environmental management accounting (EMA) and green accounting/reporting -- have become an important mechanism for firms to monitor, report and manage their environmental impacts with their financial performance. This research is focused on the impact of environmental accounting practices on the performance of firms involved in manufacturing industries in the country of Pakistan. Using a mixed-method approach, which is based on the recent empirical studies of Pakistani's firms read the existing literature and put forward the conceptual framework with providing data analysis using secondary panel data and hypothetical samples results. The evidence do support the adoption of environmental accounting practices as positively related to financial performance indicators and as well as organizational sustainability although the effectiveness of the environmental accounting practices are found to vary depending on the quality of reporting, engagement of stakeholder and integration of environmental strategies. This study contributes to the knowledge of environmental accounting, a strategic tool, for sustainable development for developing economies.
Role of Technology Integration in Enhancing Public Sector Governance and Service Delivery in Pakistan
This studies is at the impact of integration of era on growing the general public quarter governance and carrier provision in Pakistan. It appears into the effect of e-authorities structures, special structures/ systems to statistics analytics and cellular and its outcomes on transparency, responsibility, performance, citizen pleasure and coverage responsiveness. Using the combined strategies approach (N=four hundred surveys; n=20 professional interviews), the studies findings display that even as the effect of era integration has a tendency to be fantastic at the transport of offerings and governance consequences, this utility nevertheless famous some of demanding situations inclusive of infrastructure gap, virtual literacy deficit, cyber safety challenge, and institutional resistances. The consequences factor to the need for coverage changes, functionality development, inclusive virtual techniques and strong governance frameworks as a manner to get the first-class out of era to its public fee in Pakistan.
Role of Financial Inclusion in Enhancing SME Growth in Pakistan’s Textile Sector
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are on the middle of our fabric region in Pakistan and that they play a important position in task creation, export technology and business fee addition in Pakistan. However, economic exclusion nonetheless represents one of the predominant boundaries that restriction SME's competitiveness, innovation and long-time period boom. This studies examines economic inclusion function for enhancing overall performance of SMEs in texture enterprise in Pakistan. Drawing on the prevailing empirical literature and sectoral reports, the paper underscores the position of higher get right of entry to to monetary services (i.e. availability of credit score, virtual banking, microfinance tools, cell banking, etc.) in stimulating productivity, technological upgrading, marketplace enlargement and resilience towards outside shocks. The findings spotlight the two-fold effect of higher monetary inclusion - it now no longer most effective narrows financing gaps, however more monetary inclusion additionally establishes a pointier deliver chain participation primarily based totally on enterprise-precise and particular export dimension. The take a look at requires coverage modifications and centered credit score packages in addition to novel fintech answers to decorate sustainable SME increase withinside the Pakistani textiles landscape.
Risks and Returns Analysis of Investment Strategies in Pakistan’s Insurance Sector
The development of insurance industry of Pakistan has witnessed enormous growth in recent years due to increasing awareness in the sphere of risk management and liberalization of financial markets. Investment strategies followed by insurance companies are very important to gain the best returns with corresponding risks. This study analyzes risk-return feature of various sorts of investment strategies adopted by the insurance firms of the Pakistani economy on equity, fixed income securities, real estate and alternative investments. Through the analysis of insurance firms and their secondary financial data and performance reports, this study highlights the correlation between the risk exposure and the returns and what strategy provides the greatest financial returns while staying within the parameters of the law. The findings imply that investment portfolio diversification with prudent risk management practices contribute to the financial stability of the insurance companies, and growth in the insurance sector. This study provides some insights to the insurers, investors as well as policy makers who are attempting to make optimized investment decisions in the evolving insurance market in Pakistan.
Foreign Direct Investment and Its Influence on Profitability in Pakistan’s Industrial Sector
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is widely understood to be one of the determinants of economic growth and industrialization of the new economies. The industrial sector is an important keystone of Pakistan's national GDP, employment, and technological progress, hence making it a very attractive sector for investments by foreign investors. This study examines the effect of FDI on profitability level in the firms of the industrial sector in Pakistan. Drawing on the panel data from publicly-listed industrial firms in the period from 2015-2023, the paper studies the correlation between the inflows of FDI and firm-level profitability (measured by the return-on-assets (ROA) and the return-on-equity (ROE)). The analysis uses multiple regression models to determine the effects of FDI while controlling for firm size, leverage and market factors. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between FDI and the profitability so it can be inferred that foreign investment does not only contribute money but also improves technological capabilities, managerial expertise and market access for local companies. The study indicates policy implications to attract targeted FDI to maximize the profitability in targeted industrial subsectors.
Effects of Green Marketing Practices on Consumer Behavior in Pakistan’s FMCG Sector
Green marketing has become a strategic marketing approach of organizations with the growing consumer expectations for environmentally responsible products. In fact, in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in Pakistan, growing awareness of environmental problems, changing lifestyle trends, and corporate sustainability initiatives have led to the rise in the use of eco-friendly practices. This study examines the impact of green marketing practices from the perspectives of green product development, green packaging, eco-labeling, green advertising, and corporate environmental responsibility on consumer behavior of the FMCG market in Pakistan. Drawing on recent empirical studies, the paper demonstrates the extent of the influence of green initiatives on the consumer attitude and purchasing intentions as well as the overall buying behavior. The resulting study suggest that although there are positive attitudes of Pakistani consumers towards eco-friendly products, there are still some gaps due to price sensitivity values and lack of awareness among the consumers and low level of trust in environmental claims. The study provides theoretical insights, as well as practical implications for FMCG companies who are seeking to increase sustainability-driven competitiveness.
Impact of Compensation and Reward Systems on Financial and Operational Performance of Pakistani SMEs
The compensation and reward systems are key determinants of employee motivation, productivity, and performance of organizations especially in the Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) where humans are considered a key strategic asset. SMEs in Pakistan contribute an important portion of industry and also enormous percentage of employment, but in most of the cases, informal or sporadic compensations systems are still applied in SMEs. The present research paper looks into the role of both financial and non-financial reward systems in enhancing financial performance, including profitability, sales growth, and cost efficiency, and operational performance metrics, including employee productivity, work quality, and retention. The paper it is founded on secondary data which is based on journal articles, government reports, surveys of the SME sector in terms of compensation practices and performance outcomes in Pakistani business settings. The results of the literature suggest that the use of effective compensation practices, such as performance-based pay, recognition, incentive, and career growth, can help employees be more engaged and lead to better organizational performance. Nevertheless, most of the SMEs in Pakistan are struggling with the issues of limited budget, absence of strategic HR practices, and informal management procedures which are barriers to the successful implementation of rewards. The research recommends that through implementing well-defined and clear compensation systems, SMEs could tap into the potential of workforce and enhance their financial and operational performance.
Financial Literacy of Managers and Its Effect on Strategic HR Decisions and Firm Performance in Pakistan’s Corporate Sector
Financial literacy has been turning out to be an important managerial skill that impacts decision-making, organizational development, and competitiveness. Managers in the corporate world of Pakistan are likely to face strategic human resource (HR) decisions to be made during the recruitment process, training investment, compensation planning, and talent management. Nevertheless, inadequate financial literacy can limit their capability to match the HR strategies with financial objectives of the organization. This paper examines the association of managerial financial literacy, strategic HR decision-making, and performance of a firm within the corporate environment in Pakistan. Based on the available literature, organizational reports, and empirical research, the research establishes the role of financial knowledge of managers in HR planning processes, the allocation of resources, and the performance reviews. The evidence indicates that managers who are more financially literate make more evidence-based HR decisions, which lead to a high level of productivity, resource use efficiency, and positive financial performance of organizations. The analysis reveals the necessity of organised financial trainings and inclusion of financial skills in HR leadership training schemes throughout the corporate industry in Pakistan
The Impact of Technology, Knowledge, and Data Analytics on Organizational Success
The connection between information and the performance of firms in the contemporary digital economy is no longer an incidental measure to sustainable performance. The growth of information technology (IT), knowledge management (KM), and big data analytics (BDA) has altered how organizations conduct, interact, and compete. This paper will discuss the effect of the three information-based dimensions on organizational efficiency, innovation and strategic decision-making. It uses empirical research and theoretical viewpoints like the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Dynamic Capability Theory to point out how information as one of the resources can be used to attain high productivity, competitiveness, and long-term development. This paper has shown that companies that can effectively manage, analyze and apply information have great strategic benefits in the current global market due to their capability to integrate the insights in various fields. Another issue highlighted in the article is the difficulties in digital transformation such as data safety, human resource preparedness, and technological investment, and offers suggestions with regard to the strategic use of information to improve the performance of firms.
Strategic Financial Management Practices and Their Impact on Corporate Performance in Emerging Markets
Strategic financial management (SFM) has turned out as one of the most crucial lines of contribution to corporate performance particularly as far as emerging markets are concerned which are volatile, have limited access to capital and are prone to change in regulation systems. The paper will be undertaken to analyse the connection between strategic financial management behaviors such as capital budgeting, working capital optimization, risk management and strategic investment decisions and growth and sustainability of the corporations within emerging economies. Both the theoretical and empirical evidence have been used to derive the dynamic nature of financial planning, innovation and value creation in the paper. The findings of the recent studies have revealed that firms that have put in place the set SFM structures have higher financial standing, increased return on investment (ROI) and competitive edge. It is in this paper that it shall be argued that combination of strategic financial practices, corporate governance, adoption of technology and diversification of risks has great impact on performance outcomes. It has also been discussed how the macroeconomic factors, financial literacy and institutional support should be employed in the shaping of effective financial management in the developing circumstances.
Consumer Trust and Brand Loyalty in the Era of Sustainable Marketing
Sustainability in business has transformed beyond being a marketing tactic in the modern business environment, to being a core value that affects the consumer behaviour and brand positioning. Consumers are becoming more and more concerned with authenticity and responsibility of brands, which is why as the levels of environmental awareness and ethical consumption grow, the more people prefer to use the brands with high levels of authenticity and responsibility. The relationship between the concept of consumer trust and brand loyalty with the concept of sustainable marketing is rather complex, and this paper will discuss how the practices that are sustainability-centered can help to build the long-term relationship with the consumer and competitive advantage. The analysis of the secondary data helps the research to determine how the corporate transparency, green branding, and ethical communication influence the consumer perceptions. According to the results of the current research, trust is a mediator between sustainability initiatives and loyalty, and the presence of the authentic engagement and steady environmental action leads to the improved reputation and better market retention. In the end, the research highlights that sustainable marketing is not just an ethical decision but a business need in the contemporary times that result in long-term relationship with consumers and brand equity.